Kedu ihe eji acrylamide ntụ ntụ?

Acrylamide ntụ ntụ bụ ngwakọta kemịkalụ nwere ọtụtụ ngwa n'ofe ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche. Nke a na-acha ọcha, kristal siri ike na-enweghị isi bụ mara maka ikike ya ịmepụta polymers na mmeghachi omume ya na ihe ndị ọzọ. Acrylamide ntụ ntụ na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na nyocha sayensị, usoro mmepụta ihe, na ọbụna ngwaahịa ndị ahịa kwa ụbọchị. Na blọọgụ a, anyị ga-enyocha ojiji nke ntụ ntụ acrylamide wee zaa ajụjụ ụfọdụ gbasara ihe a na-akpali akpali.

Ọ dị mma ijikwa ntụ ntụ acrylamide?

Nchekwa bụ ihe kacha mkpa mgbe ị na-arụ ọrụ na ihe ọ bụla kemịkal, na acrylamide ntụ ntụ abụghị ihe ọzọ. Ọ bụ ezie na acrylamide nwere ọtụtụ uru bara uru, ọ dị mkpa ịghọta ihe egwu ọ nwere ma jiri nlezianya mee ya nke ọma.

A na-ekewa Acrylamide ntụ ntụ dị ka ọrịa carcinogen mmadụ nwere ike ịbụ site na Agencylọ Ọrụ Mba Nile Maka Nnyocha Ọrịa Cancer (IARC). Nkewa a gbadoro ụkwụ n'ihe ọmụmụ na-egosi na ikpughe acrylamide dị elu nwere ike ibute ọrịa kansa n'anụmanụ ụlọ nyocha. Otú ọ dị, ọ dị mkpa iburu n'obi na ihe ize ndụ dị n'ahụ mmadụ site n'ichepụta ọrụ ma ọ bụ gburugburu ebe obibi ka bụ isiokwu nke nyocha na-aga n'ihu.

Mgbe ị na-eji ntụ ntụ acrylamide, usoro nchekwa kwesịrị ekwesị dị oke mkpa. Ndị a gụnyere:

1. Ngwa nchekwa nkeonwe (PPE): Yiri PPE kwesịrị ekwesị mgbe niile, gụnyere uwe aka, enyo nchekwa, na uwe nyocha ma ọ bụ uwe nchebe. Maka ọrụ ndị nwere ike ịkpata uzuzu, jiri ikuku iku ume ma ọ bụ rụọ ọrụ n'ime mkpuchi uzuzu.

2. Nchekwa nke ọma: Ụlọ ahịa acrylamide ntụ ntụ n'ebe dị jụụ, kpọrọ nkụ na-adịghị na ihe ndị na-adabaghị adaba. Debe igbe nke ọma mgbe ejighi ya.

3. Njikwa mkpofu: Nwee ihe na-achịkwa ịkwasa mmiri kwesịrị ekwesị n'aka, dị ka ihe na-amịkọrọ mmiri na ihe mkpofu. Na-ehichapụ ihe ndị na-awụfusị ngwa ngwa ma tụfuo ihe ndị emetọworo nke ọma.

4. Ọzụzụ: Gbaa mbọ hụ na a zụrụ ndị ọrụ niile na-arụ ọrụ na acrylamide nke ọma na njikwa ya, nchekwa na usoro mkpofu ya.

5. Nleba anya n'ebe ọrụ: Mejuputa mmemme nlekota ikuku na mpaghara ebe a na-eji acrylamide hụ na ọkwa ikpughe dị n'okpuru oke ikpughe ọrụ.

6. Usoro ihe mberede: Nwee usoro ihe mberede doro anya na ebe, gụnyere ebe ịsa anya anya na ịsa ahụ nchekwa ma ọ bụrụ na ikpughe na mberede.

Ọ bụ ezie na nlezianya ndị a nwere ike iyi ihe buru ibu, ha dị mkpa iji belata ihe ize ndụ ndị metụtara ntụ ntụ acrylamide. Mgbe ejiri ya nke ọma, enwere ike iji acrylamide n'enweghị nsogbu na ngwa dị iche iche, site na nyocha sayensị ruo na usoro mmepụta ihe.

Okwesiri iburu n'uche na acrylamide nke a na-achọta na nri, nke na-etolite n'okike n'oge esi nri di elu nke ihe oriri, bu ihe di iche. Ọkwa acrylamide na nri na-adịkarị ala karịa nke a na-ezute na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe ma ọ bụ ụlọ nyocha, mana mbọ na-aga n'ihu iji belata nguzobe ya na nhazi nri.

Kedu ihe bụ isi ngwa nke acrylamide ntụ ntụ na ụlọ ọrụ?

Acrylamide ntụ ntụ na-ahụta ojiji zuru ebe niile n'ofe ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche n'ihi njirimara pụrụ iche na ntụgharị ya. Nke a bụ ụfọdụ ngwa ngwa nke ntụ ntụ acrylamide na ntọala ụlọ ọrụ:

1. Polyacrylamide Production: Otu n'ime isi ojiji nke acrylamide ntụ ntụ bụ na mmepụta nke polyacrylamide, nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe. Polyacrylamide nwere ọtụtụ ngwa, gụnyere:

• Ọgwụgwọ mmiri: A na-eji Polyacrylamide mee ihe dị ka flocculant na mmiri na mmiri na-ekpofu ahịhịa iji wepụ ihe siri ike kwụsịtụrụ ma dokwuo anya mmiri.
• Nrụpụta akwụkwọ: A na-eji ya dị ka njide na enyemaka drainage n'ime akwụkwọ, na-eme ka arụmọrụ nke usoro ahụ dịkwuo mma na àgwà nke ngwaahịa ikpeazụ.
• Enwetara Mmanya Mmanya: Na ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ, a na-eji polyacrylamide mee ka viscosity nke mmiri injection dị elu, na-eme ka mgbake mmanụ si na reservoirs.

2. Ndozi ala: A na-eji polymers nke dabeere na Acrylamide na-arụ ọrụ ugbo na ihe owuwu dị ka ihe na-eme ka ala. Ha na-enyere aka melite nhazi ala, na-abawanye njigide mmiri, na ibelata mbuze.

3. Textiles: N'ime ụlọ ọrụ textile, a na-eji acrylamide eme ihe na-emepụta ihe na-esi ísì ụtọ na ọgwụgwọ ákwà iji meziwanye ihe ndị dị ka nkwụsị nke wrinkle na nkwụsịtụ.

4. Ihe ịchọ mma na ngwaahịa nlekọta onwe onye: A na-eji Polyacrylamide mee ihe na ụfọdụ ihe ịchọ mma dị ka ihe na-eme ka ọ dị arọ ma ọ bụ onye na-eme ihe nkiri.

5. Ngwuputa: N'ime nhazi nke ịnweta, a na-eji flocculants na-eme ka acrylamide kewapụ ihe ndị bara uru na slurries ore.

6. Mwube: A na-eji acrylamide grouts eme ihe maka ịkwado ala na akara nke tunnels na dams.

7. Adhesives: A na-eji Acrylamide na-emepụta ụdị ụfọdụ nke ntanye, karịsịa ndị na-achọ nkwụsị mmiri.

8. Biotechnology: Na molecular bayoloji, polyacrylamide gels na-eji nkewa na nyochaa protein na nucleic acid.

Ntughari nke acrylamide ntụ ntụ na ngwa ndị a sitere na ike ya ịmepụta polymers nwere ihe dị iche iche. Site n'ịgbanwe ọnọdụ polymerization na ijikọta acrylamide na monomers ndị ọzọ, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na ndị injinia nwere ike ịmepụta ihe ndị ahaziri maka mkpa ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche.

Ọ dị mkpa ịmara na ọ bụ ezie na ntụ ntụ acrylamide dị oke mkpa na ụlọ ọrụ ndị a, a na-edozi nke ọma iji ya mee ihe n'ihi ihe ize ndụ ahụike ya. Ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ na-enyocha ụzọ ọzọ ma ọ bụ na-emepụta ụzọ iji belata ihe egwu ekpughere ebe ha na-ejigide uru bara uru nke ngwaahịa sitere na acrylamide.

Kedu ka esi eji ntụ ntụ acrylamide mee nchọpụta sayensị?

Acrylamide ntụ ntụ na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na nyocha sayensị, karịsịa na ngalaba nke biochemistry, bayoloji molecular, na biotechnology. Ngwongwo ya pụrụ iche na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ngwá ọrụ bara uru maka ndị na-eme nchọpụta na-amụ protein, acid nucleic, na ụmụ irighiri ihe ndị ọzọ. Nke a bụ ụfọdụ isi ngwa nke acrylamide ntụ ntụ N'ime nyocha sayensị:

1. Gel Electrophoresis: Otu n'ime ihe ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe na acrylamide na nyocha bụ nkwadebe nke gels polyacrylamide maka electrophoresis. A na-eji usoro a kewapụ na nyochaa protein, DNA, na RNA dabere na nha ha na ụgwọ eletrik. Polyacrylamide gel na-enye ọtụtụ uru:

• Mkpebi dị elu: Ha na-enye mkpebi dị mma maka ikewapụta ụmụ irighiri ihe dị iche na nha ma ọ bụ ụgwọ.
• Ogo Pore na-agbanwe agbanwe: Site n'ịgbanwe ntinye nke acrylamide, ndị na-eme nchọpụta nwere ike ịmepụta gels nwere nha nha dị iche iche, na-ebuli nkewa maka nha molekul akọwapụtara.
• Nkwụsi ike: Polyacrylamide gels bụ kemịkalụ na-adịghị ahụkebe ma kwụsie ike, na-enye ohere maka ngwa dị iche iche dị n'okpuru mmiri dị ka blotting Western ma ọ bụ spectrometry.

2. Nnyocha Ọdịdị Protein: A na-eji Acrylamide na usoro maka ịmụ usoro protein na mmekọrịta:

• Njikọ njikọ: Enwere ike iji Acrylamide mee ihe dị ka onye na-emekọrịta ihe iji mụọ mmekọrịta protein-protein ma ọ bụ nyochaa nhazi akụkụ atọ nke protein.
• Mbipụta ukwu nke Protein: Na usoro a, a na-eji acrylamide nyocha n'elu ohere nke protein, na-enye ozi gbasara nhazi ha na mgbanwe mgbanwe.

3. Nchọpụta Nucleic Acid: Na mgbakwunye na ọmụmụ protein, acrylamide dị oke mkpa na nyocha DNA na RNA:

• Gel Sequencing: A na-eji gels acrylamide dị elu dị elu na usoro DNA iji nye mkpebi otu nucleotide.
• Nyocha Structure RNA: A na-eji gels Acrylamide mee ihe na usoro dị ka SHAPE (Nhọrọ 2'-Hydroxyl Acylation nke Primer Extension nyochara) iji mụọ usoro RNA.

4. Chromatography: A na-eji Polyacrylamide mee ihe n'ụdị ụfọdụ ogidi chromatography maka nkewa na ịdị ọcha nke biomolecules.

5. Hydrogels maka Omenala Cell: A na-eji hydrogels dabeere na Acrylamide na-emepụta gburugburu omenala 3D cell, na-enye ndị na-eme nchọpụta ohere ịmụ banyere omume cell na ọnọdụ ndị na-emekọ ihe na gburugburu vivo.

6. Enzyme Immobilization: Polyacrylamide gels nwere ike iji mee ka enzymes mee ihe, na-enye ohere maka iji ha mee ihe n'ọtụtụ mmeghachi omume ma ọ bụ maka ịmụ ihe kinetics ha n'okpuru ọnọdụ dị iche iche.

7. Protein Crystallography: N'ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, acrylamide ejirila na nyocha protein crystallization iji nyere aka nweta kristal dị elu maka ọmụmụ ihe gbasara X-ray.

8. Biosensors: A na-eji ihe ndị dabeere na Acrylamide mee ihe na mmepe nke ụfọdụ ụdị biosensors, karịsịa ndị metụtara enzyme immobilization ma ọ bụ nchọpụta electrochemical.

Ojiji nke acrylamide na nyocha chọrọ iji nlezianya jikwaa na nrube isi na ụkpụrụ nchekwa. Ọtụtụ ụlọ nyocha na-enyocha ụzọ ọzọ maka acrylamide, ọkachasị maka ngwa electrophoresis, n'ihi ihe egwu ahụike nwere ike ime. Otú ọ dị, ihe pụrụ iche nke acrylamide na-emekarị ka ọ sie ike iji dochie kpamkpam.

A ga-azụrịrị ndị na-eme nchọpụta na-eji acrylamide na usoro njikwa kwesịrị ekwesị ma ga-eji ngwa nchedo onwe onye kwesịrị ekwesị. Ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ nwere ntuziaka akọwapụtara maka ojiji na mkpofu acrylamide na ihe nwere acrylamide.

N'agbanyeghị ihe ịma aka ndị a, acrylamide ka bụ ngwá ọrụ dị mkpa n'ọtụtụ ebe nyocha sayensị. Ikike ya ịmepụta gels nwere ihe ndị dị mma na nke a na-agbanwe agbanwe, nkwụsi ike ya n'okpuru ọnọdụ dị iche iche, na ntụgharị ya na ngwa dị iche iche na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe bara uru maka ndị na-eme nchọpụta gafee ọtụtụ usoro.

Ka nyocha na-aga n'ihu, ọ ga-abụ na anyị ga-ahụ mmezigharị ọzọ na iji acrylamide na ngwa sayensị, yana mmepe nke ụzọ dị mma maka ojiji ụfọdụ. Agbanyeghị, maka ọdịnihu a na-ahụ anya, acrylamide ntụ ntụ ga-aga n'ihu na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ịkwalite nghọta anyị banyere usoro ndu na ịmepụta teknụzụ ọhụrụ dabere na ihe ọmụma a.

Ọ bụrụ na ị nwekwara mmasị na ngwaahịa a ma chọọ ịmatakwu nkọwa ngwaahịa, ma ọ bụ chọọ ịmata maka ngwaahịa ndị ọzọ metụtara, biko nweere onwe gị ịkpọtụrụ. iceyqiang@aliyun.com.

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